Interesting Facts About the Universe
So you think you know your universe? Let us know some amazing facts about the universe and the ocean of space time that we float in!
1. Universe was ‘hot’ when it was young
The most widely accepted cosmological model is that of the Big Bang. This was proven since the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation or CMBR. No one knows exactly what ‘banged’, we know from extrapolation that the Universe was infinitely hot at birth, cooling down as it expanded.
In fact, even only within minutes of expansion, scientists predict its temperature to have been about a billion Kelvin. Moving backward to 1 second, it is said to have been at 10 billion Kelvin. For comparison, today’s universe is found to have an average temperature of only 2.725 Kelvin.
2. Universe will be ‘cold’ when it grows old day by day
Observations made especially on galaxies farthest from us show that the Universe is expanding at an accelerated rate daily. Data that show that the Universe is cooling allows us to believe that the most probable ending for our universe is that of a Big Freeze.
3. The Universe is having diameter of over 150 billion light years
Current estimates as with regards to the size of the Universe it at a width of 150 billion light years. Although it may seem peculiarly inconsistent with the age of the Universe, this value is easily understood once you consider the fact that the Universe is expanding at an accelerated rate.
4. The Universe is 13.7 billion years old
The fact that we know this is better than 1% precision. Credit goes to the WMAP team for gathering all the information needed to come up with this number. The information is based on measurements made on the CMBR.
Older methods which have contributed to confirming this value include measurements of the abundances of certain radioactive nuclei. Observations made on globular clusters, which contain the oldest stars, have also pointed to values close to this.
5. The Earth is not flat – but the Universe IS
Based on Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, there are three possible shapes that the Universe may take:
a) Open
b) closed, and
c) flat.
Once again, measurements by WMAP on the CMBR have revealed a monumental confirmation – the Universe is flat.
Combining this geometry and the idea of an invisible entity known as dark energy coincides with the widely accepted ultimate fate of our universe, which as stated earlier, is a Big Freeze.
6. Large Scale Structures of the Universe
Considering only the largest structures, the Universe is made up of
a) filaments,
b) voids,
c) superclusters, and
d) galaxy groups and
e) clusters.
By combining galaxy groups and clusters, we get superclusters. Some superclusters in turn form part of walls, which are also parts of filaments.
The vast empty spaces are known as ‘voids’. That the Universe is clumped together in certain parts and empty in others is consistent with measurements of the CMBR that show slight variations in temperature during its earliest stages of development.
7. A huge chunk of it is made up of many things we can’t see
Different wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum such as those of radio waves, infrared, x-rays, and visible light have allowed us to peer into the cosmos and ‘see’ huge portions of it. Unfortunately, an even larger portion cannot be seen by any of these frequencies.
And yet, certain phenomena such as gravitational lensing, temperature distributions, orbital velocities and rotational speeds of galaxies, and all others that are facts of a missing mass justify their probable existence. Specifically, these observations show that dark matter exists. Another invisible entity known as dark energy, is believed to be the reason why galaxies are speeding away at an accelerated rate.
8. There is no such thing as the Universe’s CENTER
The earth is not the center of the Universe, not even the center of the galaxy. And no again, our galaxy is not the entire universe, neither is it the center. Don’t hold your breath but the Universe has no center. Every galaxy is expanding away from one another.
9. Galaxies are in a hurry to be as far away from each other as possible
As mentioned earlier, they are rushing away from each other at increasing rates. In fact, prior to the findings of most recently gathered data, it was believed that the Universe might end in a Big Rip. That is, everything, down to the atoms, would be ripped apart.
This idea stemmed from this observed accelerated rate of expansion. Scientists who supported this radically catastrophic ending believed that this kind of expansion would go on forever, and thus would force everything to be ripped apart.
10. To gain a deeper understanding of universe, we need to study structures even smaller than the atom.
Ever since cosmologists started to trace events backward in time based on the Big Bang model, their views, which focused only on the very large, got smaller and smaller. They knew, that by extrapolating backward, they would be led into a universe that was very hot, very dense, very tiny, and governed by extremely high energies.
These conditions were definitely within the realm of particle physics. Hence, the most recent studies of both cosmology and particle physics saw an inevitable marriage between the two.
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